Biomedical fraud is not uncommon, either, and can have dire consequences. Most such frauds involve the fabrication of results, and even when it leads to no disaster for patients, it leads other researchers up the garden path, wasting time and resources. But a recent article in the New England Journal of Medicine draws attention to a relatively new form of fraud. Before accepting a paper for publication, reputable scientific journals send it out to peer review, that is to say to other workers in the field who criticize it, make suggestions for improvement, and recommend either acceptance or rejection.
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