Image manipulation is the process of changing the appearance of a picture-format image in order to achieve the desired result. While it is frequently necessary for researchers to manipulate images in order to generate publication-quality figures, improper manipulation of images can result in paper rejection and cast doubt on the research's legitimacy. While deliberate fraud is unusual, inadvertent manipulation of images caused by ignorance is frequently observed. The use of electronic submissions has become increasingly popular among journals and publishers since 2002. This development, in addition to the widespread distribution and use of image editing software, laid the groundwork for a significant increase in the manipulation of scientific images.
Reference: https://www.straive.com/blogs/detecting-image-manipulation-in-academic-publication/.
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