EDP Sciences and the Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (SMAI) have released the fifth annual Transparency Report for their Subscribe to Open (S2O) mathematics program. The report provides detailed information on funding, cost distribution, and progress toward long-term financial sustainability.
The publication follows confirmation that the remaining two journals in the program—ESAIM: Control, Optimization and Calculus of Variations and ESAIM: Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Analysis—will transition to open access in 2026. With additional support from CNRS, all six journals in the portfolio will be freely available to readers without article processing charges for authors.
Since its launch in 2021, the Transparency Report has become a central feature of the program, offering libraries, funders, and the mathematics community insight into subscription renewals, publication activity, costs, revenue, and governance. The 2025 report notes that all six journals have published continuously in open access for five years, with Mathematical Modeling of Natural Phenomena reaching six years. In 2025, the journals published 456 articles totaling more than 12,200 pages. The average publication cost decreased from approximately €950 per article in 2024 to €800 in 2025, while revenue covered 76.1% of costs compared with 71.0% the previous year. Data and code sharing also increased, with deposits in public repositories tripling between 2023 and 2025.
The report outlines how publication costs are allocated, including editorial support, production, digital infrastructure, marketing, and preservation. Library subscriptions remain the largest source of funding, supplemented by support from organizations such as CNRS. This combination has enabled the program to maintain open access without shifting costs to authors.
The confirmation that all six journals will remain open access in 2026 underscores the strength of community support. The report also highlights broader progress in open science practices, including increased sharing of research data and code.
The full 2025 Transparency Report and a summary version are available on the EDP Sciences website.
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